Estrogens

Estrogen carcinogenesis: specific identification of estrogen-modified nucleobase in breast tissue from women

Prolonged exposure to estrogens correlates with an increased risk for breast cancer. One explanation is that estrogen metabolites cause mutations by reacting with DNA, leading to depurination. We describe an extraction procedure and a liquid …

Efficient synthesis, liquid chromatography purification, and tandem mass spectrometric characterization of estrogen-modified DNA bases

Estrogens are metabolized to active quinones that modify DNA and may lead to various cancers. To extend the analytical methodology for estrogen-modified purine bases, we report here a simple modification to existing synthetic procedures that use …